According to the EPA , Americans produce about million tons of garbage each year. There is tremendous energy stored in all of that garbage, which is lost forever in traditional landfill operations. CleanTech's proprietary Cellulosic Biomass Recovery Process makes it easy for cities and landfill operators to capture the abundant cellulose in municipal solid waste, producing a high-quality feedstock that can produce more than 80 gallons of ethanol per ton.
Our process also captures valuable recyclables at the same time, eliminating the need for costly and inconvenient trash-sorting schemes. Our proprietary Biomass Recovery Process uses steam and pressure to separate and clean municipal solid waste into high-quality biomass, capturing recyclables at the same time.
When removed from the process vessel, the cellulosic material is sorted from the recyclables and other garbage contents using shaker screens. Biomass energy supports U. The main biomass feedstocks for power are paper mill residue, lumber mill scrap, and municipal waste.
For biomass fuels, the most common feedstocks used today are corn grain for ethanol and soybeans for biodiesel. In the near future—and with NREL-developed technology—agricultural residues such as corn stover the stalks, leaves, and husks of the plant and wheat straw will also be used. Long-term plans include growing and using dedicated energy crops, such as fast-growing trees and grasses, and algae.
These feedstocks can grow sustainably on land that will not support intensive food crops. Energy Kids Biomass Basics U. Energy Information Administration Energy Kids. Bioenergy Basics U. On the other hand, as only one single unit is needed, the chipper truck is suitable for small work sites and for delivering chip to small heating plants.
Chipping at the plant Comminution at a plant makes the chipper and chip truck independent of each other. The technical and operative availability of the equipment increases, control of the procurement process is facilitated, demand for labor is decreased, and the control of fuel quality is improved.
Mobile chippers can be replaced by heavy stationary crushers that are suitable for comminuting all kinds of biomass, including stump and root wood and recycled wood. The larger is the fuel flow, the more obvious become the advantages. Since the investment cost is high, only large plants can afford a stationary crusher.
When comminution is performed at the plant, truck transportation of biomass takes place in the form of loose logging residues, whole trees or pieces of stump and root wood. The low bulk density of the biomass is the weak link in the system. It is therefore necessary to increase the bulk density of residues. A new system was developed, where logging residues are compressed and tied into 70 cm diameter, 3 m long bales or composite residue logs.
A bale of green residues weighs kg and has an energy content of about 1 MWh. Bales are transported to the roadside using a conventional forwarder and on to the plant using a conventional timber truck. About 12 bales form one forwarder load, and 65 bales or 30 tons form one truck load. Terminal chipping Comminution at a terminal is a compromise between comminution at a landing and at the plant. Biomass is hauled un-comminuted to the terminal for size reduction, and then transported to the plant as chips.
If the network of terminals is dense, the distance from the logging site to the terminal remains short. The system does not differ much from the traditional option where comminution is carried out at a landing. A terminal is a tool for controlling the procurement process. Biomass can be stored at the terminal un-comminuted and processed during the winter season when the demand for fuel is high and working conditions at the forest end are difficult.
The arrangement makes it possible to apply baling technology for supplying forest chips to small plants that do not have a stationary crusher.
0コメント