The price difference between old-growth teak and plantation grown teak make it tempting to use the cheaper alternative, but it will compromise the quality of the final product. Plantation grown teak does have its uses, we recommend it for mass-production residential outdoor furniture, indoor flooring and paneling, and other residential uses.
Florida Teak deals in carefully selected old-growth teak , we assure our customers that they will receive only the most valuable and versatile hardwood — high quality, old-growth Burmese teak.
Click Here to see our product. Teak Facts — Teak wood has unique properties Teak wood has a high oil content which makes it extremely resistant to harsh environmental conditions and highly resistant to rot, mold, termites and boring insects. Teak has a low shrinkage ratio, which makes it excellent for applications where it undergoes periodic changes in temperature and moisture. The high silica content of teak wood make it uniquely non-skid, even when wet. It maintains its unique properties even under the worst effects of the sun and rain.
You can also restore weathered teak by using our Teak Cleaner. Teak wood is well-known for its incredible durability and water resistance. Although a porous material, it is naturally high in protective oils which make it resistant to moisture, rotting, warping and splitting.
Although not entirely waterproof, teak wood is high in naturally occurring protective oils, making it highly resistant to the detrimental effects of moisture, such as rotting, warping and cracking. When teak dries out after the rain, you may notice water marks or dark patches on your teak furniture. These will even out over time, or you can give your furniture a light sanding to remove marks more quickly. Leaving your teak furniture untreated will allow it to weather naturally and develop a silvery-grey patina that will blend beautifully into its surroundings.
You can bring about that weathered, silvery-grey look more quickly and evenly by using our Teak Patinizer, which will also help to prevent growth of algae. Should you wish to, you can delay the weathering process by using our Teak Protector which will help to maintain the honey-gold colour of teak. As teak wood is a natural material, small cracks or splits also known as checks or end grain checking can sometimes appear as a result of changes in humidity and temperature.
On the face of it, teak wood might seem expensive. Grade A teak is extremely durable, able to withstand all weather conditions, and remains beautiful and strong for years — decades, even — so teak will seem expensive, but it is a one-off purchase that can last a lifetime.
We hope you found this article helpful. Benches View All Benches. View All Benches. W: cm D: 65 cm H: 92 cm. More Info Add to Basket. View All Tables. W: cm D: cm H: 70 cm. View All Chairs. Here are 10 interesting facts about teak wood, just in case you were wondering With teak, you can't go wrong! It's the 'gold standard' of wood. Which is why teak is all we use for our beautiful teak shower benches and stools.
Shop AquaTeak online and check out our gorgeous line of teak furniture. All of the seven landraces from Latin America and the Caribbean are clustered closely together in the lower left corner, together with populations from southern Myanmar.
The landraces from Africa are scattered between Thai and Lao origins but have no close relation to any specific natural population from the region. Three of the four Indonesian landraces are positioned fairly closely within the tree. None of the studied landraces were found to be closely related to either populations from the dry interior of India, the moist west coast of India or northern Myanmar: these regions constitute distinct groups in the lower branches of the tree Fig.
Populations from the natural distribution area are coloured as done in Hansen et al. Six of the 17 landraces, all from Latin America and the Caribbean, distributed to cluster 2 orange , encompassing the natural populations from the semi-moist east coast of India and southern Myanmar; seven landraces are admixtures of clusters 2 and 3 blue while the remaining four landraces three from Indonesia and the one from Mozambique predominantly belonged to cluster 3 blue comprising the natural populations from Thailand and Laos Fig.
Each of 46 populations trees in total is represented with a horizontal bar. Vertical height of the bar represents the number of trees in the population range 10— The first 29 populations from above are natural populations—the last 17 are landraces. In the second round of STRUCTURE analyses, separate analyses were run on the populations from the main clusters resulting from the first round, though no second-round analyses were conducted for cluster 1, since no landraces clustered with these populations.
The two main clusters clusters 2 and 3 used as starting points had slightly different compositions with regard to natural populations than clusters 2 and 3 from Hansen et al. Two sub-clusters were revealed within each of the main clusters 2 and 3 using the delta K method.
These four sub-clusters are depicted in Fig. The main cluster 2 from the first STRUCTURE analysis separated into one sub-cluster consisting of the four northern Myanmar populations coloured light blue and a second sub-cluster coloured brown comprising of two populations from eastern India, one from west Thailand, four from southern Myanmar and 13 landraces Fig. The Mozambique landrace also fell into this eastern cluster.
Since no landraces were clustered together with the populations from the dry interior and moist west coast of India main cluster 1 , no second round of analysis was made for these populations.
Within the two remaining main clusters, two sub-clusters were identified in each. The fraction of correctly self-assigned individuals was However, both correct self-assignment and quality index were acceptable when based on the level of six sub-clusters Table 4 and this scale also makes sense given the density of the sampling of reference populations from the native range.
We therefore decided to assign the 17 landraces at this level, and results from this assignment are presented in Table 5. The two different assignment methods gave very similar results; therefore, below, we only refer to the results of the Rannala and Mountain method. Results from the comparative analysis of within-population relatedness and inbreeding coefficients between landraces from the three regions Latin America, Africa and Indonesia and the natural populations from the distribution area where the landraces were assigned are seen in Fig.
Results from comparative analysis of within-population relatedness and inbreeding coefficient between landraces and the natural populations from the distribution area where the landraces were assigned. Upper three panel s: comparison of relatedness among individuals within populations. Lower three panels : comparison of inbreeding coefficient within populations. The difference in relatedness and inbreeding coefficient between natural populations and landraces was tested by , bootstraps.
In the upper three panels of the figure, a comparison of relatedness within natural populations with relatedness within landraces from the three non-indigenous regions is presented. In the lower three panels, the inbreeding coefficients are compared for the same populations and landraces.
The only exception is for the QuellerGt estimator in the Africa comparison; however, this is non-significant. In the case of the Indonesian landraces rightmost upper panel in Fig. In the comparison of the inbreeding coefficient F lower three panels in Fig. The results from the five trials consulted in the present study are presented in Fig.
In the Mexican trial, large variation was observed among the Latin American landraces in both growth and stem quality, with landraces presenting both good- and poor-performing provenances compared with the natural populations Fig. The local landraces tested in the trial in Ghana were among the slowest-growing landraces and particularly had lower stem quality compared with provenances from the natural populations Fig. Still, the Indonesian landraces were among the fastest-growing landraces in this trial.
Finally, the east African landraces in the Tanzanian trial were fast growing with good quality compared with the natural populations, although a single provenance from moist west India Coimbatore was the best performing Fig. Variation in average stem form and growth rate among various landraces and natural origins in five provenance trials. Based on data from Keiding et al. We found that of 17 investigated landraces from Indonesia, Africa and tropical America, the majority most likely originated from southern Myanmar or semi-moist east coast of India; the genetic analysis suggests only some of the Indonesian landraces to have a likely origin further east in Thailand.
These findings fit well with the historical records of Tenasserim southern Myanmar and Java as likely origins to East African landraces.
However, we find no signs of the Travancore southern India origin mentioned in Wood as a potential source for Tanzanian landraces. The results support that they originate from a limited number of introductions of teak into Central America in the beginning of the twentieth century with Myanmar as an important source both a Tenasserim strain and an additional import from Myanmar as suggested by Keogh Keogh also highlights a potential important introduction to Central America through Panama based on an original collection from trees in a botanical garden in Sri Lanka.
We have no knowledge of the genetic origin of the trees in the botanical garden, but teak is not native to Sri Lanka and one can therefore speculate that the southern Indian teak forest has been the likely source due to geographic proximity to Sri Lanka. However, our genetic study reveals no signs of the south Indian cluster in the analysed Central American landraces. We cannot exclude that the studied Central American plantings originate from this route, because trees in the Sri Lanka botanical garden could have been grown from seed collected from trees growing somewhere in the east India-south Myanmar cluster.
The most likely origin of the two West African plantations in the present study was also the east India-south Myanmar cluster, where the sample from Nigeria clustered out with the Central American landraces, while the Ivory coast seemed more similar to the Tanzanian landraces Fig. Interestingly, none of the studied landraces seem to have originated from the natural distribution of teak in southern or western India or from northern Myanmar.
A few other studies have dealt with the genetic origin of teak landraces. The findings of the present study are generally in concordance with results from Verhaegen et al. Their analysis supported that the African teak mainly originates from northern India, which is not contradictory to our findings, but they had fewer natural reference populations and no populations from Myanmar.
Verhaegen et al. Our results place the origin of Indonesian teak further west in north-western Thailand. In a similar way, Huang et al. Their analyses revealed that the introduced provenances had probable origins in Laos, Thailand or Myanmar, while there was no sign of a genetic relationship with the four natural populations from India that were included in the study. The issue regarding the genetic origin of teak takes on a new dimension when plantations are established within the natural range of the species.
Teak planting in Myanmar was initiated in the s, but until , it was conducted by governmental institutions using native seed from Myanmar Thwe-Thwe-Win et al. Since , private companies have established large-scale teak plantations in Myanmar using both native seed and seed introduced from Indonesia and China, for example.
Thwe-Thwe-Win et al. They further found that some of the plantations based on exotic seed had markedly lower genetic diversity than the native populations. Both phenomena may pose a potential threat to the genetic diversity and structure that constitute the genetic resource of teak in Myanmar Thwe-Thwe-Win et al. The overall genetic differentiation among the 17 landraces F st value of 0. According to our analysis, none of the 17 landraces were thus related to populations from the dry interior of India, the moist west coast of India or northern Myanmar.
It is therefore important to understand the genetic base available for planting programmes. Our study, in combination with previous studies Verhaegen et al. Differences in genetic diversity among landraces were observed, but only one landrace from Africa Mozambique showed very low genetic diversity, indicating a major bottleneck.
The seed collection in Mozambique was conducted at a small plantation with low stocking, where a distance of m between selected trees could not be maintained. The possibility of related mating within the small population of unknown origin is a distinct possibility. Overall, the findings suggest that variation in diversity levels among teak landraces in general reflects their relative areas of genetic origin rather than severe founder effects created during their introductions from Asia to Africa and the Americas.
The comparisons of within-population relatedness and inbreeding between landraces and natural populations from the putative geographic origin of the very same landraces gave no clear results. This may be due to the fact that it is questionable whether the clusters from the genetic STRUCTURE analysis of the natural populations can be regarded as true reference populations.
However, there was a tendency that some of the landraces—especially the ones from Latin America—had a higher relatedness — which theoretically fits well with the historical records claiming that only few introductions of teak have been made to this part of the world. On the contrary, the overall tendency—although not statistically significant—was that the inbreeding coefficient was higher within the natural populations compared to the landraces.
It is therefore an important finding that the major landraces, in general, seem to be genetically diverse and not to have suffered from severe bottlenecks during their translocation.
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