Raskolnikov looked strangely at her. He read it all in her face; so she must have had that thought already, perhaps many times, and earnestly she had thought out in her despair how to end it and so earnestly, that now she scarcely wondered at his suggestion. She had not even noticed the cruelty of his words. The significance of his reproaches and his peculiar attitude to her shame she had, of course, not noticed either, and that, too, was clear to him.
But he saw how monstrously the thought of her disgraceful, shameful position was torturing her and had long tortured her. But, nevertheless, it was clear to him again that with her character and the amount of education she had after all received, she could not in any case remain so. He was still confronted by the question, how could she have remained so long in that position without going out of her mind, since she could not bring herself to jump into the water?
What held her up—surely not depravity? All that infamy had obviously only touched her mechanically, not one drop of real depravity had penetrated to her heart; he saw that. He saw through her as she stood before him…. The last idea was the most revolting, but he was a sceptic, he was young, abstract, and therefore cruel, and so he could not help believing that the last end was the most likely.
Can the process already have begun? Can it be that she has only been able to bear it till now, because vice has begun to be less loathsome to her? No, no, that cannot be! And if she has not gone out of her mind… but who says she has not gone out of her mind? Is she in her senses? Can one talk, can one reason as she does? How can she sit on the edge of the abyss of loathsomeness into which she is slipping and refuse to listen when she is told of danger?
Does she expect a miracle? No doubt she does. He stayed obstinately at that thought. He liked that explanation indeed better than any other. He began looking more intently at her. Sonia was silent a long while, as though she could not answer. Her weak chest kept heaving with emotion. He gazed at that pale, thin, irregular, angular little face, those soft blue eyes, which could flash with such fire, such stern energy, that little body still shaking with indignation and anger—and it all seemed to him more and more strange, almost impossible.
There was a book lying on the chest of drawers. He had noticed it every time he paced up and down the room. Now he took it up and looked at it. It was the New Testament in the Russian translation. It was bound in leather, old and worn. Everything about Sonia seemed to him stranger and more wonderful every moment. He carried the book to the candle and began to turn over the pages. Sonia looked obstinately at the ground and would not answer. She was standing sideways to the table. He sat down with his elbow on the table, leaned his head on his hand and looked away sullenly, prepared to listen.
She took the book however. We used to read together and… talk. She will see God. The last phrase sounded strange in his ears. And here was something new again: the mysterious meetings with Lizaveta and both of them—religious maniacs.
Sonia still hesitated. Her heart was throbbing. She hardly dared to read to him. Sonia opened the book and found the place. Her hands were shaking, her voice failed her. Twice she tried to begin and could not bring out the first syllable.
There was a catch in her breath. Raskolnikov saw in part why Sonia could not bring herself to read to him and the more he saw this, the more roughly and irritably he insisted on her doing so. He understood only too well how painful it was for her to betray and unveil all that was her own. He understood that these feelings really were her secret treasure, which she had kept perhaps for years, perhaps from childhood, while she lived with an unhappy father and a distracted stepmother crazed by grief, in the midst of starving children and unseemly abuse and reproaches.
But at the same time he knew now and knew for certain that, although it filled her with dread and suffering, yet she had a tormenting desire to read and to read to him that he might hear it, and to read now whatever might come of it!
He read this in her eyes, he could see it in her intense emotion. She mastered herself, controlled the spasm in her throat and went on reading the eleventh chapter of St. She went on to the nineteenth verse:. And drawing a painful breath, Sonia read distinctly and forcibly as though she were making a public confession of faith. She stopped and looked up quickly at him, but controlling herself went on reading.
Raskolnikov sat without moving, his elbows on the table and his eyes turned away. She read to the thirty-second verse. Raskolnikov turned and looked at her with emotion. Yes, he had known it! She was trembling in a real physical fever. He had expected it. She was getting near the story of the greatest miracle and a feeling of immense triumph came over her. Her voice rang out like a bell; triumph and joy gave it power.
The lines danced before her eyes, but she knew what she was reading by heart. It was a cave, and a stone lay upon it. Martha, the sister of him that was dead, saith unto Him, Lord by this time he stinketh: for he hath been dead four days.
She read loudly, cold and trembling with ecstasy, as though she were seeing it before her eyes. Jesus saith unto them, Loose him and let him go. She still trembled feverishly. The candle-end was flickering out in the battered candlestick, dimly lighting up in the poverty-stricken room the murderer and the harlot who had so strangely been reading together the eternal book. Five minutes or more passed. He got up and went to Sonia.
She lifted her eyes to him in silence. His face was particularly stern and there was a sort of savage determination in it. I am not going to see them. Her recent meeting with his mother and sister had left a great impression which she could not analyse.
She heard his news almost with horror. She looked at him and understood nothing. She knew only that he was terribly, infinitely unhappy. I need you, that is why I have come to you. You, too, have transgressed… have had the strength to transgress. You are like a mad creature already. So we must go together on the same road! At the end of the chapter, we discover that Svidrigailov has been standing and listening in the next room, an empty one between his room and Sonya's.
He so thoroughly enjoyed their conversation that he brings a chair so as to be more comfortable for their next meeting in which Raskolnikov has promised to reveal the murderer.
Raskolnikov's visit to Sonya in her lodgings is in preparation for his later confession. Dostoevsky's theory that "suffering leads to salvation" and that through suffering man's sins are purified or expiated are now brought into the foreground. It now becomes apparent that Raskolnikov is attracted to Sonya because he sees in her the symbol and the representative of "all the suffering of humanity.
Thus Raskolnikov will test her further to see how much she can bear. Since she is capable of "great suffering," he torments her with taunts such as the death of Katerina, the possibility that Polenka will be forced into prostitution, and the distressing state in which she now lives.
These taunts are used to test her ability to suffer intensely and ultimately to see if she will be capable of withstanding Raskolnikov's confession. Will she be able to take his suffering upon herself and help him to "bear his own cross"? Earlier in the novel, Porfiry Petrovitch has asked Raskolnikov if he believed in the raising of Lazarus from the dead.
Now he asks Sonya to read him that same story. Thus the two principal redemptive figures, Porfiry and Sonya, are both connected through the same biblical episode. A further note of coincidence is that the story is read from the Bible that belonged to Lizaveta, the woman he did not intend to murder. The story of Lazarus is pertinent mainly in the general outline rather than in the specific detail.
Raskolnikov, like Lazarus, died one type of death as a result of the crime; in other words, his crime isolated him from society and from his family to the point that he is figuratively dead. Through Christ, Lazarus was raised from the dead and became one of the living. Now through Sonya, Raskolnikov hopes to again assume his place among the living. When he falls back asleep, Razumikhin leaves to buy new clothes for Raskolnikov.
In Chapter Four , the doctor, Zosimov, comes to check on Raskolnikov's progress. Porfiry Petrovitch, the head of the Investigation Department also arrives. Zosimov and Razumikhin talk about the arrest of two painters in relation to the murders. This conversation excites Raskolnikov and Zosimov notices his agitation but misinterprets it as a step toward regaining an interest in life. In Chapter Five , Luzhin comes to meet Raskolnikov.
He is awkward, feeble and has made abominable living arrangements for Dunia and her mother. The conversation returns to the murders and Raskolnikov finds out that the police are going to examine all who have left pledges with the old woman. Raskolnikov accuse Luzhin of trying only to make Dunia feel indebted to him. Luzhin protests and accuses Raskolnikov's mother of misrepresentation.
Raskolnikov threatens Luzhin physically if he ever mentions his mother again. Zosimov and Razumikhin notice that Raskolnikov takes no interest in anything except the murder. Raskolnikov goes for another walk in Chapter Six , and lands in a restaurant where he asks for the newspapers of the last five days.
While reading the papers, he meets Zametov, an official o the police and friend of Razumikhin. Raskolnikov taunts Zametov throughout the conversation saying that he came to the restaurant solely for the purpose of reading about the murder. Zametov insinuates that the murder was done by an amateur.
Raskolnikov takes offense and offers what he thinks would be the perfect way of committing the crime and how one should hide the loot. Ironically, his explanation is exactly the manner in which he performed the crime. Raskolnikov asks Zametov "And what if it was I who murdered the old woman and Lizaveta?
Raskolnikov goes to a bridge where he is a witness to a woman's attempt to drown herself. He realizes that he was going o attempt the same thing and then became disgusted with himself for considering it. Raskolnikov returns to the scene of the crime. At the end of the chapter, he is fully resolved to confess everything to the police.
On his way to the police station in Chapter Seven , Raskolnikov sees a drunken Marmeladov stumble in the way of a carriage and get hit. Sonia arrives home dressed in gaudy prostitution garb. Marmeladov attempts to make apologies to his family. On his way out, Raskolnikov meets Nikodim Fomitch, the police official, who comments that Raskolnikov is splattered with blood.
Polenka, the young daughter, follows Raskolnikov out to ask him his name and to thank him for offereing to pay for the expenses. Raskolnikov implores Polenka to pray for him. Raskolnikov's mother and Dunia are waiting back at his apartment. Dunia and her mother are very gracious to Razumikhin for his help.
Razumikhin develops a sudden infatuation for Dunia. In Chapter Two , the doctor gives news that he is satisfied with Raskolnikov's progress. Razumikhin goes to speak with Pulcheria Alexandrovna and Dunia.
He relays the events of the last two years. They show Razumikhin a letter from Luzhin requesting that Raskolnikov not be present at their first interview. On returning to Raskolnikov's room, his mother is so frightened to see her son that she can hardly stand up. Raskolnikov's mother is pleased to see him better in Chapter Three. Raskolnikov insists that Dunia not marry Luzhin. He places the ultimatum: him or Luzhin.
Dunia makes an elaborate justification and then Raskolnikov withdraws his objections disgustingly saying marry who you like. Dunia shows Raskolnikov Luzhin's letter. Sonia appears at Raskolnikov's apartment in Chapter Four. She has come to invite him to the funeral and to the funeral lunch. Sonia becomes embarrassed because she realizes that Raskolnikov must have given them all the money he had.
Dunia and his mother leave and Raskolnikov tells Razumikhin that he wants an interview with Porfiry. He and Sonia are alone but Sonia leaves immediately. Svidrigailov is checking to see where Raskolnikov lives. In Chapter Five , Raskolnikov tells Porfiry that he had left Alyona Ivanovna some small items which were not worth much but to which he was greatly attached sentimentally.
Porfiry subtly lets Raskolnikov know that he is aware of his life: he knows of his sickness, of his meting with Zametov, and of his presence at the Marmeladov's. Porfiry asks Raskolnikov to explain parts of an article that he wrote on the crime. His theory centers around the extraordinary man as opposed to the ordinary man. He argues that a crime is always accompanied by sickness, all men are divided into ordinary and extraordinary, ordinary men have no right to transgress the law, though extraordinary men do have that right.
All great men have the right to eliminate a few men. In fact, being great means breaking from the common rut of ordinary laws. Porfiry wonders if Raskolnikov thinks of himself as an extraordinary man. Porfiry tries to make Raskolnikov slip up by asking if he remembers seeing painters the day he went to see the old pawn broker.
Raskolnikov is not fooled and answers that he saw people moving out and that the painters were there on the day of the murder. Raskolnikov asserts that the last time he was there was a few days before that. Raskolnikov and Razumikhin discuss the conversation in Chapter Six.
Raskolnikov returns to his room and searches to see if he might have left evidence but is reassured and cannot find anything. As he is leaving, a stranger appears and calls him a murderer. Raskolnikov is visibly agitated and confused. He returns to his room and falls asleep.
He dreams that he is again striking the old woman but she refuses to die. When he awakens, Svidrigailov is standing in the doorway. Dostoyevsky begins to show us that Raskolnikov is not the superman, but instead it is Svidrigaylov who is capable of killing without moral pangs. Svidragaylov offers to pay Dounia so that she will not marry Luzhin. Arguably, the most exciting chapter in the book, Chapter Two has Dounia telling Luzhin to leave for good.
We see that Razhumikin is the most noble character in the book and that he would defend Dounia's honor at all costs. In Chapter Three , Razkolnikov leaves Razhumikin to take care of his sister and mother and then everything happens in Chapter Four.
Raskolnikov leaves his family and goes immediately to Sonya's house. His mean-spirited taunting of Sonia in this part reminds the reader of an earlier work by Dostoyevsky, The Underground Man.
This is the religious part of the novel, where Dounia's faith is emphasized. Then they agree to stick it out together. Raskolnikov tells her that he knows who committed the murder.
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